What is female sexual arousal disorder?
Female sexual arousal disorder occurs when the body fails to respond to sexual stimulation.

Previously considered a separate condition, doctors treated it differently from hypoactive sexual desire disorder, which refers to a lack of sexual desire.

However, experts have recently concluded that it is very difficult to distinguish between these two conditions. In response, doctors now use the term female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSAD), according to new guidelines in the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

FSAD is one of several conditions that fall under the category of sexual dysfunction, which also includes:

• Pain during intercourse
• Inability to achieve orgasm
• Lack of sexual desire

Although experiencing sexual dysfunction can feel isolating, it is actually quite common. Approximately 40% of women experience some type of sexual dysfunction, such as FSAD, at some point in their lives.

What are the symptoms?

For many women, symptoms of FASD come and go. Some experience symptoms every time they attempt sex. Others only experience them occasionally.

Symptoms of FASD include:

• Decreased sexual desire. You may begin to lose interest in sex. While this may be due to lack of arousal, it can also be a symptom of stress and anxiety related to FASD.
• Few thoughts related to sex. You may rarely think about sex.
• Decreased initiation of sexual activity. You may not initiate sexual activity and may not respond to your partner's attempts to interact with you.
• Decreased sexual arousal or pleasure during sex. Sexual stimulation or other things that used to turn you on no longer do.
• Decreased arousal from internal or external sexual stimuli. You may no longer be aroused by stimuli such as psychological intimacy, reading about pleasurable sex, or recalling an erotic fantasy.
• Absence of genital or non-genital sensations during sex. During sex, you may not feel much sensitivity in your genitals or other erogenous zones.

FASD Causes
Sexual dysfunction problems often begin with hormonal changes. This can occur after childbirth or during menopause. Serious illnesses, such as cancer, diabetes, or heart disease, can also contribute to sexual dysfunction.

Factors that contribute to sexual problems:

• Physical. Medical conditions can cause sexual dysfunction, including cancer, diabetes, kidney failure, multiple sclerosis, heart disease, and bladder problems. Certain medications can decrease sexual desire and make it difficult to achieve orgasm, such as certain medications for depression, high blood pressure, allergies, and cancer.
• Hormonal. The decline in estrogen levels after menopause can cause changes in genital tissue and sexual response. Decreasing estrogen levels reduce blood flow to the pelvis. This can cause decreased sensitivity in the genitals and a greater need for arousal and orgasm.
• The vaginal mucosa also becomes thinner and less elastic. Sexual inactivity can worsen the condition. These factors can lead to painful intercourse, called dyspareunia. Sexual desire also decreases when hormone levels drop.
• Psychological and social. Untreated anxiety or depression can cause or worsen sexual dysfunction. The same can occur with prolonged stress, a history of sexual abuse, and worries and demands related to pregnancy.

Treatments for Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
There are many ways to treat Female Sexual Arousal Disorder. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. Your doctor will perform a complete examination to rule out any underlying conditions and help determine the most appropriate treatment for you, including:

• Kegel exercises
• Talking with your partner about your likes and dislikes
• Using lubricants or moisturizers (if using condoms, choose a water-based lubricant)
• Employing stress management techniques to help reduce stress and improve your mood
• Limiting alcohol, tobacco, and drug use
• Exercise regularly can give you more energy and improve your mood
• Physical therapy for the pelvic floor (the muscles surrounding and near the genitals)
• Consulting with a therapist specializing in sexual and relationship issues, either alone or with a partner

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